Update on the Management of Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis

Childhood nocturnal enuresis, commonly known as bedwetting, is a frequent and often distressing condition affecting children aged five years and older. It is defined as involuntary urination during sleep and may occur as primary enuresis (never dry) or secondary enuresis (recurrence after dryness). The condition is multifactorial, involving delayed bladder maturation, increased nighttime urine production, and impaired arousal from sleep. Genetic factors, psychological influences, and associated conditions such as constipation or sleep disorders may also contribute to its development. Although nocturnal enuresis is often self-limiting, it can significantly affect a child’s emotional well-being, self-esteem, and social development. Many children experience embarrassment, anxiety, and reduced participation in social activities due to fear of disclosure.