Laryngectomy

After surgery, breathing occurs through a stoma in the neck instead of the nose or mouth. The stoma must be kept clean and protected, as it is the permanent airway.

People can communicate using a tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP), an electrolarynx, oesophageal speech, or speech-generating devices, depending on recovery and preference.

Without the upper airway, air is no longer naturally moistened. Humidification helps prevent dry secretions and keeps the stoma clear, improving breathing comfort.

Discharge planning includes training in stoma care, emergency equipment, contact numbers, and notifying services like the ambulance and electricity provider for safety.