Encephalitis: management in adults and children
This course provides a practical, evidence-based overview of the management of encephalitis in both adults and children. It covers early empirical treatment, immunotherapy approaches, seizure control, and the management of neuropsychiatric complications. The course also highlights the importance of rehabilitation and public health strategies in improving patient outcomes and preventing disease.
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Learning Outcomes
What you'll learn
- Initiate timely empirical antiviral therapy in suspected encephalitis and understand the importance of early treatment
- Apply a structured approach to diagnosing and managing autoimmune encephalitis, including escalation to second-line therapies
- Recognise and manage seizures associated with encephalitis, including long-term epilepsy risk
- Identify common psychiatric and behavioural complications and implement appropriate management strategies
- Plan and coordinate multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation to support long-term recovery
- Understand public health strategies, including surveillance, vaccination, and vector control, to prevent encephalitis
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Learning Outcomes
What you'll learn
- Initiate timely empirical antiviral therapy in suspected encephalitis and understand the importance of early treatment
- Apply a structured approach to diagnosing and managing autoimmune encephalitis, including escalation to second-line therapies
- Recognise and manage seizures associated with encephalitis, including long-term epilepsy risk
- Identify common psychiatric and behavioural complications and implement appropriate management strategies
- Plan and coordinate multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation to support long-term recovery
- Understand public health strategies, including surveillance, vaccination, and vector control, to prevent encephalitis
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Training Overview
- Early Antiviral Management Strategies
- Advanced Therapeutic Approaches and Immunotherapy
- Seizure Management and Epilepsy Risk
- Neuropsychiatric Complications and Care
- Rehabilitation and Long-Term Recovery
- Public Health Strategies and Prevention Measures
- Summary
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Frequently asked questions
Aciclovir should be started immediately when viral encephalitis is suspected. Do not delay treatment while waiting for CSF results or imaging, as early therapy significantly improves outcomes.
Treatment is typically 14 days in adults and 21 days in children. A repeat CSF PCR is recommended before stopping to confirm viral clearance.
Consider it in patients with subacute cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms, or seizures, especially when infections are excluded and MRI or CSF shows inflammation.
First-line treatments include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), or plasma exchange. These may be used alone or in combination.